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Central Eye Movement Disorders: A Window to Peripheral and Central Function

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1.  Which type of nystagmus is typically observed with lesions in the brainstem or cerebellum? Horizontal gaze nystagmus Downbeat nystagmus Congenital nystagmus End-point nystagmus

2.  When using VNG goggles to assess eye movements, what is the primary goal? To determine the color vision of the patient To measure auditory thresholds To measure and analyze oculomotor eye movements To correct refractive error

3.  What is the main function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)? To adjust hearing sensitivity based on body position To regulate blood pressure during changes in posture To maintain stable gaze during head movements To control facial expressions

4.  Which diagnostic test would be most appropriate to distinguish a central from a peripheral origin of a vestibular disorder? Electrocardiogram Audiometry Head impulse test Blood pressure measurement

5.  In the context of diagnosing eye movement disorders, what does the observation of macrosaccadic oscillations typically indicate? Normal ocular alignment Cerebellar dysfunction Unimpaired vestibular function Effective ocular muscle control