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eAudiology: Dissecting the "Evidence" in Evidence-Based Practice

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1.  What is one drawback of having a sample size that is too large?
  1. You are more likely to find clinical significance, but statistical insignificance.
  2. You are more likely to find statistical significance which is not clinically relevant.
  3. Large sample sizes tend to lack generalizability to a larger population.
  4. None of the above
2.  Which of the following is the best example of a Cohort Study design?
  1. A study that compares a group with hearing loss to a group without hearing loss on a measurement of cognitive impairment.
  2. A study that follows one group receiving cisplatin treatment over time to monitor changes in hearing.
  3. A study in which an individual is randomly placed into a group with hearing aid A or hearing aid B and asked to complete a speech in noise task
  4. None of the above
3.  An audiologist is running a study in which they interview persons with and without hearing loss about potential depressive symptoms. For those with hearing loss, the audiologists asks more questions about social isolation as it relates to hearing impairment. This is an example of what type of bias?
  1. Selection bias
  2. Channeling bias
  3. Interview bias
  4. None of the above
4.  A researcher is interested in seeing if a certain chemotherapeutic has long-term ototoxic effects. She designs a study that evaluates one group of participants every six months for two years. What sort of design would be most appropriate?
  1. Within-subjects
  2. Between-subjects
  3. Across-subjects
  4. None of the above
5.  A researcher is reporting the difference in scores on a speech in noise task between adults who speak English as a native language vs. adults who learned English as a second language. The report that the finding has the result t(19.48) = 6.34, p = .031. Based on this finding, which is correct?
  1. The finding is significant therefore you accept the null hypothesis.
  2. The finding is not significant therefore you accept the null hypothesis.
  3. The finding is significant therefore you reject the null hypothesis.
  4. All of the above
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